Java is an object-oriented, high-level language designed for 'Write Once, Run Anywhere' (WORA). It is built on the principle of simplicity and robustness, removing complex features like manual memory management (pointers). Its architecture relies on the JVM (Java Virtual Machine) to translate bytecode into machine code, making it the backbone of enterprise-scale banking, Android, and web systems.
Think of Java like a globally standard electrical plug. You don't need to change your appliance (code) for different countries; you just need the right adapter (JVM) for the local socket (Operating System).
If C++ is faster due to direct machine code execution, why does a bank choose Java for its global transaction system?