Transpose a Matrix

📌 Definition:

📖 Detailed Explanation:

Allocate a result of transposed dimensions and copy each element to its swapped position; for a square matrix you can swap in place across the diagonal. O(m * n) time.

💻 Solutions:

• Java
• JavaScript
• Python

public static int[][] transpose(int[][] m) {
    int rows = m.length, cols = m[0].length;
    int[][] t = new int[cols][rows];
    for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++)
        for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++)
            t[j][i] = m[i][j];
    return t;
}

function transpose(m) {
  return m[0].map((_, j) => m.map(row => row[j]));
}

def transpose(m):
    return [list(row) for row in zip(*m)]

🔑 Key Points:

• Element [i][j] -> [j][i]
• Non-square needs a new n x m result
• Square can swap in place above the diagonal
• O(m*n) time

🌍 Real-World Example: